Analysis and Symoblism in The Story of an Hour Essay

In the Woods are related to each other through various similarities. Both describe a woman with despair and misery. Kate Chopin had experienced the same situation that was told in the short story. They also portray a situation that women go through and in many cases that they never get out of. Through the metaphor of color and the use of literary technique and images portrayed a sense of elation and a subtle depression. The portrait of the woman alone in the woods shows her standing their in solitude. The look in her face is of a type of contemplation. It is hard to determine whether it is a sad or happy inspiration or maybe both. Mrs. Mallard she instantly cried with sudden desertion and went off into the room all alone.†¦show more content†¦The background has areas of dark and light that may be representing a dark part of this womans life and the light area showing awakening in this womans soul. To me the woman in the painting is staring out into the world and realizing that there is so much out there for her. That she can walk out of there and not be lost any more. Mrs. Mallard felt the same way. In the room she realized that she can now live her life on her own the way she wants to. She walked out of the room with a sense of conquest and triumph. Before hearing that her husband was killed Mrs. Mallard was trapped in the life of being just a wife for the rest of her life . Now she was free of the title and could go back to living her own life. Back in the late 1900s almost all woman had felt the same way. They were almost nothing except for slaves to their own home. Even though it is over a hundred years ago the same situations still occur today. Our culture has gone very far with womans independence, but there are still many women out there who dream of getting out of the Im just a wife role that haunts them. In the end, Mrs. Mallard dies of a sudden heart attack. The freedom she was looking forward too was all instantly taken away from her with the sight of her husband. She was forced to being just Mrs. Mallard for the rest of her life and I think the idea of that is what made her die. In the portrait even though the woman

Philosophy comparing libertarianism, compatibilism, and...

Comparing Determinism, Compatibilism, and Libertarianism Patrick C Smith Ivy Tech Community College The question that the textbook poses at the very beginning of chapter four is, â€Å"Are you Free† (Chaffee, 2013, p. 172)? Most people would look at this question as pretty cut and dry and would answer a resounding yes. Philosophically speaking, it is not that easy of an answer. You have to be willing to look at the question with an open mind, and ask yourself if the choices you make are truly free or if they are governed by forces outside of your control. In the following paper I intend to compare and contrast the three major philosophical viewpoints regarding this question, and come to a†¦show more content†¦Determinists believe that these ideas are based on the illusion of freedom (Chaffee, 2013, p. 178). I thought that Baron d’Holbach summarized the determinists viewpoint when he said, â€Å"Man’s life is a line that nature commands him to describe upon the surface of the earth, without ever being able to swerve from it, even for an instant. He is born without his own consent; his organization does in nowise depend upon himself; his ideas come to him involuntarily; his habits are in the power of who cause him to contract them; he is unceasingly modified by causes, whether visible or concealed, over which he has no control, which necessarily regulate his mode of existence, give the hue to his way of thinking, and determine his manner of acting† (Chaffee, 2013, p. 178). One of the strengths of the determinist viewpoint is that it is hard to argue against. There are definite patterns and connections throughout the physical universe and the biological realm. There is no denying that fact. Just look at modern chemistry or how everything is made up of waves. Also, you can’t prove that you ever had more than one choice since there can only ever be one choice. In other words, once the moment is gone it is impossible to say that things could have been different since there is no going back. It is also hard to deny that some of our actions are a result of certain causes. You can always argue that something in your past affected your choices in the present.Show MoreRelatedThe True Nature Of Moral Responsibility936 Words   |  4 PagesThe theory that I find true to the true nature of moral responsibility and its relation to human freedom and determinism would be compatibilism. Compatibilism is the claim that we are both determined and that we ha ve moral responsibility (Lawhead 120). It offers a solution to the free will problem. Free will goes along with determinism because of the moral responsibility and it is incompatibility between each other. We are still held responsible for our voluntary actions and our actions are stillRead MoreDeterminism, Compatibilism And Libertarianism1955 Words   |  8 Pagesyears, in which philosophers have disagreed on the conclusion. There are several perspectives on this issue, the most popular of which are determinism, compatibilism and libertarianism. By discussing the similarities and differences of these perspectives, as well as the strengths and weaknesses, we can determine which of these is most accurate. Determinism is â€Å"the view that every event, including human actions, is brought about by previous events in accordance with universal causal laws that governRead MoreAre We Really Free?1634 Words   |  7 Pagesa closed mind. I will be comparing and contrasting the three points that support the question are we free, and end with what I feel is the best viewpoint. Each point will be a summary of what I feel each mean to human rights. The first point I will discuss is determinism, which also has an extreme form called â€Å"hard determinism† (Chaffee, 2013, p. 173). Vilhauer states that â€Å"hard determinists hold that determinism and moral responsibility are incompatible, that determinism is true for all our actionsRead MoreHume Liberty and Necessity1026 Words   |  5 PagesModern Philosophy (PHL 3200) Paper 1 Freedom, eh? In Section 8 of Hume’s Enquiry titled â€Å"Of Liberty and Necessity†, Hume wants to discuss what liberty and necessity mean and whether or not they can be compatible with each other. This is all really a discussion of Hume’s view of free will and determinism, and how they can be easily reconciled through compatibilism where for example both liberty and necessity are required for morality. He starts off by considering the idea of necessity and defines

The Representation Of The Female Form In Art Essay Example For Students

The Representation Of The Female Form In Art Essay Since humanity evolved women have been worshipped, adored, cherished and admired whilst simultaneously have been defamed, castigated, condemned, abused, maligned, raped and murdered as can be seen through the history of art. How women are portrayed in art tells much about the status and roles of women in society and the place where men wanted them. Since prehistoric times woman have been portrayed in art, giving an impression of the perception the artist and the culture they lived in, had of women. The earliest etchings and figures strongly relate around one thing. The female as the life giver, fertility and childbirth. Although there is the impression that in these times women were seen as purely wives and mothers keeping the house (cave? ) tidy. Some would argue women were not portrayed as anything less than equal in art. The concept of fertility and childbirth was very important and raised women to a level of great spiritual importance and power amongst primitive society. Jenny Saville is a modern figurative artist who through her work raises questions relating to worlds perception of genders, focusing on the blurring of the lines of gender in women; in the mind sets of the changing perceptions men have of women as well as the perception women have of them selves in a where the power of women is only recent. She states shes searching to create the sense of the idea of a floating gender that is not fixed where sex doesnt define who category a subject falls into. This is her controversial painting of a transvestite with a womanly figure, breast but male genitals. She says this piece is intended to cause ambiguity on all levels. Is it a woman who is like a man or a man who is like a woman or both or neither? The painting is from a low angel supposedly to impose a masculine domination whilst she lays femininely unprotected on the floor. Very modern art such as Damien Hursts The Virgin Mother The Virgin Mother has layers removed on one side to reveal the foetus and the womans skull, muscles and tissue. Some might argue that the image of the baby and the mother like this is a life affirming and beautiful depiction of the female as the most special giver of life. A very powerful position, seeing pregnancy and childbirth not as just the role of women in a world made for men almost and authoritarian position, this is corroborated by the size of the statue which stands tall above courtyard 35 ft in the air giving the impression of power and dominance. The importance of women and the role they play in mankind. Although it has also been argued that Hursts dissection of the body, the organs revealed, the womb the breasts and the structure of the body visible almost like the biological construction of a baby machine. Taking away the special, powerful position that fertility and childbirth can be seen as having and evoking thoughts of women merely as factories in the continuation of the species. Kali Goddess of suffering Kali is the ferocious form of the divine mother. Far from an inanimate object of timidity and weakness. She embodies power, violence savage brutality and power over all men and is portayed like this through all hindu artistic portrayals Active and passive argument There is a argument that women have always been depicted in art as passive whilst men are portrayed as active. A nude Venus like the ones of Botticelli and paintings by Titian are embodiments of religious ideals. But in both cases women are also sensuous, passive ornaments intended for the male gaze. This is particularly so in the case of the Titian painting, which not only provides a surrogate audience in the figure of an pervy musician musician but also models its Venus on a 16th century escort woman, courtesan. The most obvious example of this is the reclining nudes such as the one of the left. .u27d99f25625a015b0cb3e9cbadb649d6 , .u27d99f25625a015b0cb3e9cbadb649d6 .postImageUrl , .u27d99f25625a015b0cb3e9cbadb649d6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u27d99f25625a015b0cb3e9cbadb649d6 , .u27d99f25625a015b0cb3e9cbadb649d6:hover , .u27d99f25625a015b0cb3e9cbadb649d6:visited , .u27d99f25625a015b0cb3e9cbadb649d6:active { border:0!important; } .u27d99f25625a015b0cb3e9cbadb649d6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u27d99f25625a015b0cb3e9cbadb649d6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u27d99f25625a015b0cb3e9cbadb649d6:active , .u27d99f25625a015b0cb3e9cbadb649d6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u27d99f25625a015b0cb3e9cbadb649d6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u27d99f25625a015b0cb3e9cbadb649d6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u27d99f25625a015b0cb3e9cbadb649d6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u27d99f25625a015b0cb3e9cbadb649d6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u27d99f25625a015b0cb3e9cbadb649d6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u27d99f25625a015b0cb3e9cbadb649d6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u27d99f25625a015b0cb3e9cbadb649d6 .u27d99f25625a015b0cb3e9cbadb649d6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u27d99f25625a015b0cb3e9cbadb649d6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Parts of Speech Essay PaperAlthough not painted for sexual desire or erotic stimulation, and whilst she is depicted as a goddess she is sleeping inanimate. Paintings of this era were painted by men for men. Giorgione has made the female a subject of spectators, voyeurs into her private world. We must remember that for the majority of human civilisation images of women portrayed in art, literature and film have been created by and for men. Women were often thought of as being simple minded, only thinking of beauty and vanity. Valasquez takes the classic image of the reclining venus seen on the right and shows us a Venus with her back to us, admiring herself in the mirror, and we see how Venus has now become absorbed in her own vanity. Artists toying with the ambiguity of opinion over the representation of women. Goyas Naked Maja (painted around 1800) ushered in a period where the reclining nude was not a goddess, princess, mistress or pampered woman. The Maja is a woman of questionable identity. Is she someones wife or lover, a working model merely posing for money, or something else? The painting was seized in 1808 by order of King Ferdinand VI of Spain , and in 1813, the Inquisition confiscated the painting as an obscene work. Nonetheless, Goyas interpretation of the nude was later followed by other painters, especially in France . Women portraying women. The Polish artist Tamara Lempicka is well known for her Art Deco-styled figures of sexy, bedroom-eyed women layed in haunting poses. The history of the image of women as erotic objects in art is endless and, for modern eyes sharpened by the critical insights of feminist thought, endlessly problematic. One can only begin to try and list how many ways it has been reformed in the hands of women Pre-Raphaelite Art. Through opposite images of sexuality and virtue, female subjects have been elevated whilst being imprisoned. These women are almost metaphor for the position and role that the ideal Victorian female was expected to take. The first prevalent representation of women in the artwork of this period is that of the Holy Virgin. They are the ideal image of devotion and virtue. In Rossettis Ecca Ancilla Domini, the artist trys to show the religious significance of the Virgin mother.

Marketing Ayurveda Shampoo To Be Introduced -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Marketing Ayurveda Shampoo To Be Introduced? Answer: Introduction: Ayurveda science attracts importance and popularity across the globe because of its therapeutic values. Presently, awareness related to personal care products which includes essential herbs and natural resources are increased, and there are number of people who prefer Ayurveda and natural products over those products which contain hazardous chemicals. These products contain the natural ingredients which are discovered by our ancestors and ensure amazing results on the body of the individual (Jain, 2017). However, this industry is not fully developed in Australia but from last few years various consumers get aware from the advantages of using herbal shampoo which is made from herbs and natural ingredients, and it increase the future prospects for Forest Pearls. Chemical shampoo results in various side effects, but no such effects are shown from using the herbal shampoo, and herbal products generally attract the customers (Baptiste, 2014). Structure of this report includes the mission, product services, marketing analysis, primary target market, marketing plan, financial plan, critical risks. Lastly, paper is concluded with brief conclusion. Mission: The main objective of Forest Pearls Ltd is to increase the consumption of herbal shampoo in both urban and semi urban areas for which company take action to transform the demand of synthetic shampoos into the demand of herbal shampoos. Specific objectives of the organization are defined below: Company aims to earn an Annual Rate of Return on Investment of 15% after tax for the period of next 3 years. Company aims to sell at least 10 million bottles during the first year of operation. Company aims to achieve at least 20% consolidated growth for next 3 year. Aim to achieve the position of being reliable and widely used herbal shampoo in Australia. Product offering: An offering in the market is the total offer made by the organization to the consumer, and it is more than the product itself and also states the factors which provide additional values to the consumers such as availability of the product, convenient delivery of the product, technical support or quality of service. Effective product offering clearly differentiate between the products offered by organization from the products offered by competitors and it also help the organization in creating the customer value by meeting different needs of the customer (Linton, n.d.). Brand name of this product is Argan pearls, and punch line for this product is Nourish Your Hair. Quality- Argan Pearls is very effective hair strengthen and moisturizing hair cleanser which contains the nutrition values of argan oil and other herbal extracts which mainly introduced for preventing hair loss and dandruff. Key ingredients- This product contain the extracts of Argan oil, Neem, shikakai, methi dana, and other natural herbs. Argan Oil is the oil which is extracted from kernels of the Moroccan argan tree and this oil is used for moisturizing, conditioning and softens the hair. It is also referred as liquid gold because of its valuable qualities and it includes number of nutrition values such as vitamin E and fatty acids which result in number of positive outcomes if applied correctly. Various positive results of Argan oil become the reason of increasing trend and usage of this oil for hair (Foxbrim, 2018; Argan oil world, n.d.). Safety- this product is completely safe, and does not include any such ingredient which cause harm to the hair or scalp, and it can be used on premed hair and artificial colored hair. Availability of the product- this product is available on all the stores of Forest Pearls Ltd and customers can also get this product online on the website of the organization (WWW.FORESTPEARLS.COM). Delivery of product- as stated product is available at all the stores of the Forest Pearls, and in case of online order product will be delivered within 3-5 business days. Different from competitors- forest pearls serves the purest form of oil to its customers, and this oil is ethically sourced because we directly reach the fields of South West Morocco for getting this oil. Market analysis: Market analyses is considered as quantitative and qualitative assessment of any market, as it determine the size of the market in both ways volume and in value, customer segments and patterns of purchasing, competition, economic environment, etc. Generally, market analysis includes information related to industry, target market, and competition (Gregory, 2017). Industry analysis: Hair care market in the Asia Pacific is experiencing a period of stagnation. Growth in market was generated through various innovations, technology, and benefits. Present, various issues related to the hair are faced by the people because of different reasons, and these reasons includes pollution, sun damage, scalp issues, hair thinning and loss, etc. various companies introduced different categories of products which offer the benefits for health of hair. It must be noted that large proportion of Australia is aged; almost 53% of the population is aged between the years 25-64. Shampoo holds the large area of the market in both context that are volume and value. However, market share of shampoo is declined because of the introduction of new hair health promoting natural products (Mordor Intelligence, 2016; Cision, 2017). Drivers- in Australia, aging population purchasing the more hair care products and herbal and natural care products will be considered as best drivers in hair care industry. Challenge- Australia consist competitive and mature market in context of hair care products, and it has high unique preferences. It also has increased awareness for rejecting the products which has harmful ingredients such as silicones (Rubin, 2001). Competition: As stated above, hair care industry in Australia holds large market share and because of this there are number of organizations which offer herbal hair care products in Australia. Following are the main competitors of Forest Pearls: Natures Care Pty Ltd- this company was considered as fastest growing company in field of herbal/traditional products during the period of 2017. It increases its market share by 0.5% for the purpose of becoming the third rank player in this industry. It gets benefits by selling the products contain Healthy Care vitamins and dietary supplements brand. This company target the mainstream consumers and those consumers also who belongs to niche areas (Euro Monitor International, 2017). Argan life Australia- this company also supplied pure argan oil products to its customers and considered another important competitor of forests Pearl Ltd (Argan life Australia, 2018). Figure 2 shows the product sell by this competitor. Primary target market: Forrest pearls can target following markets in Australia: Forest pearls can target every individual in Australia above 5 years of age. Those individuals who earn High income, and they can also target upper middle and middle class of urban and sub-urban areas. Individuals who earn High income and upper middle class of rural areas. Marketing: This section of the report states other important aspects of the product launched by Forest Pearls such as product, pricing, promotion, and distribution: Product: Argan Pearls is very effective hair strengthen and moisturizing hair cleanser which contains the nutrition values of argan oil and other herbal extracts which mainly introduced for preventing hair loss and dandruff. This product contain the extracts of Argan oil, Neem, shikakai, methi dana, and other natural herbs. It is suitable for every individual above 5 years. Figure 1 shows the packaging of the bottle. Pricing: Organization adopts Penetrative and Competitive pricing strategy under which company opts for lower price of the product for the purpose of attracting more customers as compared to competitors. Price of this product will be flexible and company can change the price on the basis of market conditions. Suggested price: Quantity (in ml) Price 7 Australian $ 20 35 Australian $ 110 100 Australian $ 220 Distribution: This channel of distribution is chosen by the company because company introduces its product for the first time and if company chooses to distribute this product by themselves then it can result in costly affair to the company. For the purpose of eliminating this issue company collaborates with the distributors and because this market is very large it is advisable to explore it with the help of dealers. Promotion: Company chooses following strategies to promote its product: Push and pull strategy- push strategy is the strategy under which product is directly taking to the consumer through different means, and in this manufacturer ensures that customer is aware about the brand at the time of purchase. In this forest pearls opt two tactics that are product is directed sell to customers in showroom and ensures efficient supply to the workers (Marketing, n.d.) On the other hand pull strategy involves motivated to the customers for the purpose of seeking out the brand and for this forest pearls choose advertising and mass media production. AIDA Strategy- another strategy adopted by the company for the purpose of promoting the product is the AIDA model which stands for attention, interest, desire, action. In this company must ensure effective advertisement and free distribution of samples (Suggett, 2017). Financial plan: For the purpose of financing, company conduct loan of $ 100,000 from financial institution for the purpose of raising funds for new venture. This section states the financial plan for the above stated product and for this purpose statement shows two sets of venture capital investments of $160,000 and additionally $40000 for cash flow purpose. Critical risks: Following are the risks which must be addressed by the organization: Manufacturing risk: in this two issues must be addressed by the organization, and these two issues are process of the product and quality of the product (Hill, n.d.). Financing risk: it must be noted that no traditional funds are required for this venture and it is not related to fluctuating interest rates. Conclusion: After considering the above facts, it can be said that Forest pearls can introduce this product in the market after following this business plan. This plan highlights various important areas and it also state the risk which must be addressed by the forest pearls while introducing this herbal shampoo in the market. It is prepared by the team of experts who possess great knowledge and experience in the field of marketing. This report defines the list of actions but this list of actions required the strong foundation otherwise it does not work for a business. It is recommended to the organization to focus on the secondary market also, because now days this market is also flourished and has great scope. Company must concentrate on the quality of their product because customers of Argan oil are quality conscious. References: Argan life Australia, (2018). Genuine And Ethically Sourced. Available at: https://www.arganlife.com.au/. Accessed on 20th January 2018. Argan oil world. Argan Oil for Hair The Ultimate Guide. Available at: https://arganoilworld.com.au/the-ultimate-guide-to-using-argan-oil-for-hair/. Accessed on 20th January 2018. Baptiste, D. (2014). Benefits Of Herbal Shampoo For Hair. Available at: https://www.boldsky.com/beauty/hair-care/2014/benefits-of-herbal-shampoo-for-hair-037213.html. Accessed on 20th January 2018. Cision, (2017). Australia New Zealand Market Study on Herbal Supplements: Beauty Supplement Product Type Segment Estimated to Account for a Value Share of 14.3% by 2025 End. Available at: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/australia--new-zealand-market-study-on-herbal-supplements-beauty-supplement-product-type-segment-estimated-to-account-for-a-value-share-of-143-by-2025-end-300452035.html. Accessed on 20th January 2018. Euromonitor International, (2017). Herbal/Traditional Products in Australia. Available at: https://www.euromonitor.com/herbal-traditional-products-in-australia/report. Accessed on 20th January 2018. Foxbrim, (2018). Why argan oil shampoo is your hairs new best friend. Available at: https://www.foxbrim.com/blogs/simply-foxbrim/95169473-why-argan-oil-shampoo-is-your-hair-s-new-best-friend. Accessed on 20th January 2018. Gregory, A. (2017). How to Write the Market Analysis Section of a Business Plan. Available at: https://www.thebalance.com/how-to-write-the-market-analysis-section-2951562. Accessed on 20th January 2018. Hill, B. Why Are Major Risks in the Business Plan?. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/major-risks-business-plan-60271.html. Accessed on 20th January 2018. Jain, S. (2017). Why is Ayurveda important?. Available at: https://www.quora.com/Why-is-Ayurveda-important. Accessed on 20th January 2018. Linton, L. What Is an Offering in Marketing?. Available at: https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/offering-marketing-7598.html. Accessed on 20th January 2018. Marketing. Push pull marketing strategies. Available at: https://marketing-made-simple.com/push-pull-marketing-strategies/. Accessed on 20th January 2018. Mordor Intelligence, (2016). Australia Hair Care Market - By Products, Distribution Channels and Vendors - Market Trends and Forecasts (2015 - 2020). Available at: https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/australia-hair-care-market-industry. Accessed on 20th January 2018. Rubin, H. (2001). The Australian Herb Growing Industry. Available at: https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=6cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwiShrrCm-bYAhXJqo8KHaeTB-MQFghFMAUurl=https%3A%2F%2Fagrifutures.infoservices.com.au%2Fdownloads%2F01-024usg=AOvVaw2m4FuXfDlZJH85aqPZndXq. Accessed on 20th January 2018. Suggett, P. (2017). Get To Know, and Use, AIDA. Available at: https://www.thebalance.com/get-to-know-and-use-aida-39273. Accessed on 20th January 2018.

Ethical Theories in Finance free essay sample

Ethical Theories Sheri Wernert BUS 670: Legal Environment Professor Gentry December 19, 2010 Ethical Theories In every day life a person is bound to have ethical issues that must be decided. This is also true for the business world. With cases evolving each day of unethical companies such as Enron ethics is now being viewed as an important part of training for many companies. Which ethical theory to follow depends on the individual and there are many theories to be considered. How does a person tell what theory they believe they follow? Knowing the different theories and how they are viewed are key. Ethical theories are either teleological or deontological which can then be broken down further. Deontological ethical theories are theories that focus on decisions or actions alone (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers Langvardt, 2010). Theories such as the rights theory and justice fall under this category. While teleological theories are theories that focus on the consequences of a decision. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Theories in Finance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Utilitarianism and profit maximization theories are considered this form (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers Langvardt, 2010). The Rights Theory encompasses a variety of ethical philosophies holding that certain human rights are fundamental and must be respected by other humans. This can also be explained as rights and duties are related in such a way that the rights of one person implies the duties of another person (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers Langvardt, 2010). For example, if a company has the right of payment for a product from a customer, then that customer has the duty to pay for the product. Over the years many as being difficult to achieve agreement about which rights are protected have criticized this theory. Some say that it also promotes moral fanaticism and creates a sense of entitlement reducing innovation, entrepreneurship, and production (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers Langvardt, 2010). The Justice Theory can be considered to have different foundations. John Rawls reasoned that it was right for governments to redistribute wealth in order to help the poor and disadvantaged (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers Langvardt, 2010). The most common foundation is the Principle of greatest equal liberty, which expresses each person, has an equal right to basic rights and liberties. This theory has the basic premise to protect those who are least advantaged in society (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers Langvardt, 2010). However, when dealing with this theory an individual or company should realize that any attempt to rearrange social benefits requires an accurate measurement of current wealth. When dealing with the Utilitarian ethical theory the decision maker to maximize utility for society as a whole. By doing this a person will consider the benefits and costs of his or her actions to everyone in society (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers Langvardt, 2010). An example of this would be when a person goes to vote on an issue. The voter will first weigh his decision on the benefits to him and then how will this affect the society as a whole. When considering the Utilitarian theory a person should be aware that there are actually two types act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism. Act utilitarianism judges each act separately, assessing a single act’s benefits and costs to society’s members. While, rule utilitarianism judges actions by a rule that over the long run maximizes benefits over costs. The profit maximization theory is considered more in the business world than for individuals and takes into account other theories. This theory requires the decision maker to maximize a business’s long-run profits within the limits of the law (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers Langvardt, 2010). By doing this the decision maker must have knowledge of the rights and justice theories so that they are aware of the rights protected by these theories. If a business abides by this theory without entering into illegal acts the business will probably benefit with profits. However, if they act illegally it could mean lost profits due to consumers and stockholders not trusting the company and withdrawing or boycotting the business. Virtue ethics, which has not been discussed within the reading, refers in general to relatively stable, praiseworthy qualities in a person, such as honesty or integrity. Virtues have to do with who a person is rather than the act and the excellence of the person’s qualities (Tjelveit, 2003). This theory is one of the oldest normative traditions in Western philosophy, which were later called cardinal virtues. The virtue theory emphasizes moral education since virtuous character traits are developed in one’s youth. Therefore, adults are the responsible ones to instill this theory among the young. An adult must also remember that most children learn by seeing therefore, if an adult wants to instill these ethical virtues they must also abide by them themselves. In conclusion, while there are many ethical theories the theories themselves interact with each other in one way or another. It can be said that in reality no theory can stand on alone. A person can say they fall under one ethical theory when in fact the situation at hand decides which theory should be followed. It is this author’s opinion that the virtue theory should be considered the most important. When a person has good virtues they should be able to come to the right ethical decision in the other theories. Reference Mallor, J. , Barnes, A. , Bowers, T. , Langvardt, A. (2010). Business Law: The ethical, global, and E-commerce environment. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Tjelveit, A. (2003). Implicit virtues, divergent goods, multiple communities: explicitly addressing virtues in the behavioral sciences. The American Behavioral Scientist, 47, (4), 395.

Free Essays on Why Did The South Seceded From The Union

There were many reasons why the South wanted to secede but the main reason had to do with the North's view on slavery. There were a few reasons other then the slavery issue, that the South disagreed on and that persuaded them to ceded from the Union. The North favored a loose interpretation of the United States Constitution. They wanted to grant the federal government increased powers. The South wanted to reserve all undefined powers to the individual states. The North also wanted internal improvements sponsored by the federal government. This was more roads, railroads, and canals. The South, on the other hand, did not want these projects to be done at all. In addition, the North wanted to develop a tariff. With a high tariff, it protected the Northern manufacturer. It was bad for the South because a high tariff would not let the south trade its cotton for foreign goods. Now the main reason for the South's secession was the Slavery issue. The South needed it for economic reasons and the North did not want it at all. The South was going to do anything they could to keep it. This issue overshadowed all others. At this time, the labor force in the South had about 4 million slaves. These slaves were very valuable to the slaveholding planter class. They were a huge investment to Southerners and if taken away, could mean massive losses to everyone. Slaves were used in the South as helpers in the fields in the cultivation of tobacco, rice, and indigo, as well as many other jobs. The South especially needed more slaves at this time because they were now growing more cotton then ever because of the invention of the cotton gin. Cotton production with slaves jumped from 178,000 bales in 1810 to over 3,841,000 bales in 1860. Within that period of 50 years, the number of slaves also rose from about 1,190,000 to over 4,000,000. The plantation owners in the South c ould not understand why the North wanted slavery abolished that bad. Southerners co... Free Essays on Why Did The South Seceded From The Union Free Essays on Why Did The South Seceded From The Union There were many reasons why the South wanted to secede but the main reason had to do with the North's view on slavery. There were a few reasons other then the slavery issue, that the South disagreed on and that persuaded them to ceded from the Union. The North favored a loose interpretation of the United States Constitution. They wanted to grant the federal government increased powers. The South wanted to reserve all undefined powers to the individual states. The North also wanted internal improvements sponsored by the federal government. This was more roads, railroads, and canals. The South, on the other hand, did not want these projects to be done at all. In addition, the North wanted to develop a tariff. With a high tariff, it protected the Northern manufacturer. It was bad for the South because a high tariff would not let the south trade its cotton for foreign goods. Now the main reason for the South's secession was the Slavery issue. The South needed it for economic reasons and the North did not want it at all. The South was going to do anything they could to keep it. This issue overshadowed all others. At this time, the labor force in the South had about 4 million slaves. These slaves were very valuable to the slaveholding planter class. They were a huge investment to Southerners and if taken away, could mean massive losses to everyone. Slaves were used in the South as helpers in the fields in the cultivation of tobacco, rice, and indigo, as well as many other jobs. The South especially needed more slaves at this time because they were now growing more cotton then ever because of the invention of the cotton gin. Cotton production with slaves jumped from 178,000 bales in 1810 to over 3,841,000 bales in 1860. Within that period of 50 years, the number of slaves also rose from about 1,190,000 to over 4,000,000. The plantation owners in the South c ould not understand why the North wanted slavery abolished that bad. Southerners co...

Law of Criminal in Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Law of Criminal in Germany - Essay Example 1. The first section of the criminal law suggests that an offense is subject to punishment only when the law establishes the criminal liability before the commission of the act. 2. Law in force determines the penalty of any criminal act during the criminal act 3. If a crime is committed jointly, each shall be liable for his or her criminal act. 4. Any individual who willingly leads another intentionally to a criminal act (abettor) he/she will be confirmed as though he/she was the crime offender. 5. The German law provides for a fixed term incarceration unless the law dictates life imprisonment. 6. The maximum imprisonment for a criminal act is fifteen years and a minimum of one month or term 7. The impacts of the sentence the offender is expected to encounter in the future life will be taken into consideration. 8. The court weighs the circumstances against an for the criminal. Moreover, consideration is also made considering the motives of the offender. Other things considered include the attitude of the offender and force of will degree involved in committing the crime. The consequences of the offender that affect him, the history of the offender and the conduct of the offender after the offence. 9. Conditions that are already legal of the offense should not be considered. 10. The court shall not provide imprisonment of less than six months unless they are special conditions, either in the committed offence or the victim.

Assignment 03 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

03 - Assignment Example The clause will legally bind the employees from releasing confidential company secrets other than in compliance with legal obligations in a court of law or statutory duty. In addition, the employees should not disclose information to anyone who has not signed a non-disclosure agreement with the company, failure to which the company will take legal action against the employee for breach of contract (Brewer 12). According to Brewer, assault is the threat to harm with the apparent ability to do so (74). Battery involves the harmful touching of an individual. In the case above, it is an assault case since the fake punch B took on A qualified as a threat to punch. In addition, B had the apparent ability to punch A due to their close proximity in the car. False Imprisonment is the act of restraining a person from free movement, either through physical force, a failure to release and physical barriers. For a false imprisonment charge to hold in a court of law, the act must be unlawful and must be against the will of the plaintiff. In addition, there must be force or threat to force. However, in the case between A and B, there is no false imprisonment since A has valid proof of cause for the alleged imprisonment; B was drunk and his life would have been in danger from the bears and witches. The sheriff should arrest B on drunk and disorderly charges (Brewer 23). Comparative Negligence is a law implemented in accident cases to ascertain responsibility and damages in proportion to the level of negligence of all the parties involved in the accident. In order to calculate the damages, two approaches are used: ii. Modified Comparative Negligence- The plaintiff is barred from recovering any damages if he is more responsible for the accident or equally responsible. Therefore, so as to recover damages, the plaintiff must have been less responsible for the accident. The law of Duty to Mitigate occurs when an individual suffers a loss due to a breach of

The Seeds of Ageism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Seeds of Ageism - Assignment Example Ageism is an amalgamation of stereotypes beliefs, discrimination behaviors, prejudice evaluations. Ageism is attributed to the changing demographic trends in various part of the world. Life expectancy is enhanced as a result people live for a longer duration and may lead a healthy life (Marques Presentation FLARE31Aug). According to the United Nations aging index, the number of individuals above the age of 60 years is equal to the number of individuals between the age of 0- 14 years this highlight the fact that elderly people are equal in number to the young population. Further, Europe witnessed an aging index of 136.2 in 2007 while it is anticipated to enhance to 229.7 in 2050 (Ageism in Europe). These data indicate that there is going to be a drastic alteration in population structure in future which is going to have lasting implication on the society in terms of labor markets, growth both economic and developmental, the behavior of consumer as well as health systems. These implications are not ordinary to overlook as they are going to change the structure of the society. Health systems are going to affect to a greater extent as they have to witness new paradigms. Ignorance of any kind leads to prejudice or ageism. Ageism has a negative implication and it depicts the attitude an individual display towards elderly people. According to Nelson (2002), Older adults in the United States tend to be marginalized, institutionalized and stripped of accountability, supremacy and eventually their distinction. Considering the history, people used to respect their elders and provided them great regard and respect, they were considered to be guide and teachers who are experienced to help them to reach the solution in case if any problem arise. It was considered to be divine if one lives for more than 50 years of age (Branco and Williamson, 1982).  

The impact of multinational corporations on an economy

The impact of multinational corporations on an economy Multinational Corporation also knows as Transnational Corporation or multinational enterprise. These three things have same definition and function. Multinational company is a company that have manage the business in one country or they called it headquarters and also have their branches of business in others country. Multinational company have brought the advantages and disadvantages in the host country. 2.0 FINDINGS 2.1 Definition of MNC According to the business dictionary MNC means the enterprise that operating in several countries but managed from one (home) country .While according to the International Economics books they divided it into three sections. First by the size, means MNC is the extent of internationalization need. Then by the structure the MNC include the number of countries in which the firm does business and the citizenship of corporate owners and the top managers. Lastly by the performance, depends on the characteristics as earnings, sales and assets. Others meaning of MNC is a network of capital, product, and knowledge flow between organisational units. 2.2 Characteristics of MNC The characteristics of MNC are a company must have and own or control value adding activities in more than one country. And they also have involving in strategic alliances with others company.MNC also bring the new technology with the new capital and access to the local market knowledge and distribution in the host country. Furthermore, the characteristic of MNC is to view the worldwide presence in one or more of businesses. 3.0 STATISTIC 3.1 Foreign Direct Investment Foreign direct investment means the other company from outside which is other country invest in one company of other country. Many of country include in foreign direct investment. Malaysia also takes a part in this business because many advantages Malaysia can get from foreign direct investment from other countries. Malaysia can get many profits and develop the country from it. Malaysia ranks among the world is a top 20th attractive country to foreign direct investment (FDI) according to the World Investment Prospects Survey 2007-2009 FDI  by the  United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Malaysia have a good strategy in map which means that the location of Malaysia in the heart of Southeast Asia and offer a cost competitive position for whom thats want invest in that country especially in manufacturing of technology product for regional place and global markets. The factors that Malaysia become a top 20th choice of foreign direct investment is firstly is a hum an resources that Malaysia have is from a younger categorize that is strong and intelligent enough. Malaysia also try to develop the country to become modern and technology so its need the foreign direct investment come invest to Malaysia .When this happen its will be the exchange of technology and increase the knowledge of Malaysia about the technology. Government also provide the good services and tax for foreign invest in Malaysia. This is to make sure the continuous supply of manpower to meet the needs of the growing manufacturing and technology sector of Malaysia. 3.2 The Gross Domestic Product The gross domestic product (GDP) is a basic measure of a country economics performance.GDP is a purchases prices that sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. The most common approach to measuring and quantifying GDP is the expenditure method. The figure above shown the graph of Gross Domestic Product from 2005 to 2009 Figure 1.1 Bar chart of Gross Domestic Product (in 2000 constant prices) Ringgit Malaysia in Million 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Gross Domestic Product  Ã‚   (in 2000 constant prices) Ringgit Malaysia in Million  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   449,250 475,192 505,353  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   528,804  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   528,860 The bar chart above shows that the Gross Domestic Product from 2005 to 2009 in increase. Start from 2005 the Gross Domestic Product in Ringgit Malaysia shows the total is 449,250 million. Then follow by year 2006 the total amount is 475,192 million ,it have an increasing in number. While on 2007 the amount is 505,353 million. For 2008 and 2009 is 528,804 million and 528,860 million. This shows that the effect of MNC that invest in Malaysia have been increase the Gross Domestic Product in every year. The figure above show the pie chart of sector of MNC in Malaysia. Figure 1.2 A pie chart of sector of MNC in Malaysia 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Agriculture, forestry fishing  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   35,835  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   37,769  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   38,593  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   40,073  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   39,260 Mining 42,472  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   41,315  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   42,663  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   42,337  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   42,176 Manufacturing 137,940  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   147,672  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   152,262  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   154,195  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   141,934 Construction 14,685  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   14,604  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   15,279  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   15,604  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   16,071 Services 230,043  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   246,895  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   270,762  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   290,588  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   303,695 Many of MNC from other country invest in Malaysia. There have a specific into a few sector of MNC. There are agriculture, forestry fishing sector, the mining sector, manufacturing sector, construction sector and the lastly is services sector. The pie chart shows the total amount of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in each sector start from 2005 to 2009.All the sector have the incensement in the GDP according the increasing of the year. Start from agriculture, forestry fishing sector the total of GDP is 39,260 million for 5 years. While in mining sector and manufacturing sector the amount is 42,176 million and 141,934 million. The construction sectors have 16,071 million in the GDP.The largest amount sector that influence the GDP of MNC is a services sector. This can be prove by the total amount is 303,695 million. For the smallest amount is in agriculture, foresting fishing sector. The reason why the agriculture, foresting and fishing is the smallest influence is because Malaysia has their own product that can be produce by the country itself. Its not too necessary to receive the FDI from outside. Furthermore Malaysia has a larger area of forest and sea. Diverse from agriculture sector, is services sector that give a large amount in GDP. Malaysia is a one country that in progress to develop, so its need many of technology to be use especially on a services sector. Example the public transportation service, they need to be improve on the speed and safety for the passangers.Nowdays many of public transportation have been improve such as LRT and KOMUTER.This transportation have a high speed and big space to take a many passengers and they can arrive the destination at the short time. 4.0 EVALUATION 4.1 The contribution of MNC in Malaysia Malaysia is one of the most talented manufacturing and exports that base in the area. Malaysia ranks as among the worlds top 20 attractive countries foreign direct investment (FDI), according to the World Investment Prospect Survey 2007-2009 FDI by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (www.tradechakra.com). There are more than 60 countries have invested in over 3000 companies in Malaysias manufacturing segment. The countries that have invested in Malaysia is Japan, Singapore, Thailand, United State and more else. Furthermore, Toyota, Hitachi, Ford and IBM are the examples of Multinational companies that contributed in Malaysia country. The main factor that are attracted foreign company to open up their business in Malaysia is the assurance of governments that retain the trade environment that are provides the foreign investors with the profits and opportunity for development. In general, foreign company in Malaysias manufacturing sector can hold 100% equit y in project which export 80% of their production and attractive tax rate incentives in 2008 is 26% and it will cut to 25% appropriate to mutually no-resident and resident companies. Malaysia proposes a broad range of tax encouragement for manufacturing scheme under the Income Tax Act 1967 and Promotion of Investment Act 1986. There are many types or sector of multinational company in Malaysia. The sectors are including the manufacturing, agricultural, mining, construction, forestry and services. For examples, the foreign country that contributes to manufacturing sector likes Japan automotive industry. Nowadays, Japan have contributes their automotive industry like Honda, Mitsubishi, Daihatsu and Toyota in Malaysia economies. 4.2 The advantages of MNC in Malaysia The advantages of multinational company in Malaysia are it will increase the economic resources. This is happen when other multinational companies from outside open their business in Malaysia and the foreign currency exchange rate in Malaysia will be increase the economies indirectly. When transnational company opens their industries in Malaysia, they need to hired people to work with them and it will provide job opportunities for unemployed graduates in Malaysia. Moreover, it will also transfer the management skills and technology to Malaysia. So, they can learn and used the technology for the development of the country. Other than that, Malaysia has its own natural resources like petroleum, oil, gas and others. It attracts the foreign country to open up their business in Malaysia. Moreover, it also will increase the development rate of host nation by introducing new investment, management skills and new technology. For example Perodua Myvi the 6th model of Perodua Malaysia is based on Daihatsu Boon and Toyota Passo from Japan automotive industry. Malaysia automotive and Japan automotive industry are joint venture to produce the new product and new technology. Furthermore, services transfer is also one of the positive impacts of multinational company in Malaysia. It means that, government will transfer the local workers to the foreign country to learn about their management and technology skills. So, they do not need to hired foreign employee to works in Malaysia 4.3 The disadvantages of MNC in Malaysia The negative impact of multinational companies that affected Malaysia is it will change the culture. Malaysia is based on different race and religion and they focuses about their culture and religion. The present of multinational companies from other country especially from West Country indirectly change and spoiling the local culture in the mentality, philosophy and more else. Other than that, they may not promote any development for the nations economic activities by basically source their components from out of the country. Its means, they will make local producers out of business. Multinational companies could take pleasure in high competitive advantages over local firms that can damaged local competition rather than promote it. Other than that too dependence of the foreign technology will make them take the advantages of Malaysias weakness and they will dominance the local industries. In addition, foreign country will interrupt of Malaysias economic plans and they will become ri cher better than local country. This is because they can get worker with low labour cost in Malaysia and cheap of raw materials. Other than that, the tax of Malaysia is low then their country so it makes them attract to open up their business in Malaysia. 5.0 CONCLUSION Multinational Company (MNC) gives a big impact in a country. It has the advantages and disadvantages impact. According to the Foreign Direct Investment the number of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increasing follow by the years. Start from the early 1960s century the enter of MNC in Malaysia give a big impact, mainly in economy and social development of the country .There also have an transfer of technology in the country. Many of the things now is based on the technology. This is the advantages for the country to attract the foreign to invest in Malaysia because Malaysia is the one of the country that in process to develop the country into the developed country. Furthermore many of knowledgement can get from them to produce the intelligent and educated people in the country. The MNC also give the big profit to Malaysia . Although they give many impacts on the advantages in the country, they also give the disadvantages one. When the transfer of social is occurred, they give a some of t he bad social impact for the country. For example, when they have too many MNC from outside invest in Malaysia automatically they dominant the industry and this give the small chance for the local to invest in their own country industry. Other than that the technology of the country just depend on the foreign country. It just gives the foreign company to take advantages toward the host country to produce their technology. 6.0 REFFERENCE Economy Watch, Malaysia Industry Sector [online] Available at: [Accessed on 18 November 2010] Natarajan M. Tan J.M, 1992, The Impact of MNC in Malaysia, Singapore Thailand [ e-book], Institute of southeast Asian ,Available at: [ Accessed on 21 November 2010] Trade Chakra, 2008. Foreign Investment in Malaysia [online] (Updated 7 Dec 2009) Available at: [Accessed on 19 November 2010]

Qualia, Robots and Complementarity of Subject and Object :: Philosophy Papers

Qualia, Robots and Complementarity of Subject and Object Jackson claims that a person who sees colors for the first time by this very fact acquires a certain knowledge which she or he could not have learned in a black and white world. This argument can be generalized to other secondary qualities. I argue that this claim is indefensible without implicit recourse to the first-person experience; also Nagel’s "what it is like" argument is polemically weak. Hence, we have no argument able to dismiss physicalism by consideration of first-person qualia (contra Jackson); however, it does not force us to endorse qualia-reductionism. In the second part of my paper I defend non-reductionism in a different way. Following Nagel and Harman, I try to avoid criticisms usually presented against Nagel, seeing subjectivity and objectivity as two complementary structures of the subjective and objective element of our language. I refer to classical German philosophy, phenomenology and Marxist dialectics which have developed a complementary approach cruc ial in the reductionist/anti-reductionist controversy in the philosophy of mind. "Opinion says hot and cold, but the reality is atoms and empty space." Democritus Jackson’s Black and White Mary (1) case illustrates an argument that our first-person experience of qualia provides knowledge not accessible through third-person means. This argument seems suspicious: if ‘knowledge’, by definition, needs to be grasped in third-person terms, it is inconceivable how an exclusively first-person experience may give us knowledge. Harman (92) develops complementarity of subjective and objective aspects within his functionalism of concepts. This notion needs to be extended to epistemic complementarity. I refer to Classical German Philosophy, Phenomenology and Marxism which have developed a complementary approach crucial in the reductionist anti-reductionist controversy in philosophy of mind. I. The Knowledge Argument As Jackson (86) emphasizes in his polemics with Churchland (85) the main point of the case of Black and White Mary is not that Mary cannot ‘imagine’ what it is like to sense red but that "she would not know" (2) how red things look. I accept this argument, but not the next step. Jackson argues: "But if physicalism is true she would know; and no great powers of imagination would be called for." (3) There are two versions of physicalism: the first, against which Jackson has something to say, maintains that every instance of knowledge can be couched in third-person language. (4) But the assumption that physical information is solely what "you can tell" is not a necessary condition of physicalism. Qualia, Robots and Complementarity of Subject and Object :: Philosophy Papers Qualia, Robots and Complementarity of Subject and Object Jackson claims that a person who sees colors for the first time by this very fact acquires a certain knowledge which she or he could not have learned in a black and white world. This argument can be generalized to other secondary qualities. I argue that this claim is indefensible without implicit recourse to the first-person experience; also Nagel’s "what it is like" argument is polemically weak. Hence, we have no argument able to dismiss physicalism by consideration of first-person qualia (contra Jackson); however, it does not force us to endorse qualia-reductionism. In the second part of my paper I defend non-reductionism in a different way. Following Nagel and Harman, I try to avoid criticisms usually presented against Nagel, seeing subjectivity and objectivity as two complementary structures of the subjective and objective element of our language. I refer to classical German philosophy, phenomenology and Marxist dialectics which have developed a complementary approach cruc ial in the reductionist/anti-reductionist controversy in the philosophy of mind. "Opinion says hot and cold, but the reality is atoms and empty space." Democritus Jackson’s Black and White Mary (1) case illustrates an argument that our first-person experience of qualia provides knowledge not accessible through third-person means. This argument seems suspicious: if ‘knowledge’, by definition, needs to be grasped in third-person terms, it is inconceivable how an exclusively first-person experience may give us knowledge. Harman (92) develops complementarity of subjective and objective aspects within his functionalism of concepts. This notion needs to be extended to epistemic complementarity. I refer to Classical German Philosophy, Phenomenology and Marxism which have developed a complementary approach crucial in the reductionist anti-reductionist controversy in philosophy of mind. I. The Knowledge Argument As Jackson (86) emphasizes in his polemics with Churchland (85) the main point of the case of Black and White Mary is not that Mary cannot ‘imagine’ what it is like to sense red but that "she would not know" (2) how red things look. I accept this argument, but not the next step. Jackson argues: "But if physicalism is true she would know; and no great powers of imagination would be called for." (3) There are two versions of physicalism: the first, against which Jackson has something to say, maintains that every instance of knowledge can be couched in third-person language. (4) But the assumption that physical information is solely what "you can tell" is not a necessary condition of physicalism.

Lyndon B. Johnson Essay

Lyndon B. Johnson’s presidential reign began with the assassination of former president John F. Kennedy in 1963. While the people of the United States tried to recover from the loss of Kennedy, Johnson used it to his advantage. Many citizens did not notice that this was being done, and some even wonder if Johnson himself knew he was using it to his advantage. By him telling America that Kennedy would have wanted the Great Society, the people believed him and went through with it. Many things, both good an bad came out of the Great Society. The Great Society was Johnson’s way of fixing the problems in America, that being the political, emotional and mostly the social problems. Johnson used the nations grief to pass the civil rights bill. It had the same idea of the bill Kennedy was planning on passing, but the difference was that Johnson’s was stronger and more powerful. This act was passed in July of 1964, and it outlawed radical discrimination in all public places. Places that included hotels, and restaurants, it banned the discrimination of unions, and the employers and even programs that were funded by the federal government. The civil rights act was not the only thing passed in 1964 though, he also passed the Economic Opportunity Act. As seen in document B, the act was made to help people in poverty. It started head start, a preschool program funded by the government, and gave workers and farmers money to break through and escape from poverty. It improved what was being done in our nation at that time, and became a milestone for our 180-year search for a better life for our people. With these couple of acts being formed it did help our poverty rates change. When you look at document H you can see that in 1959 before Johnson’s presidency, the poverty rate was at 55.1 for blacks, 18.1 for whites, and 53.3 for all non-whites. Once the acts were formed the rates went down a little and were recorded in 1966 by about 15 percent except for whites, the whites only went down 7 percent. They kept decreasing until 1974 where they were last recorded in the document at 29.5 percent for all non-whites, 31.4 for blacks, and 8.9 for whites. The white race was effected the most by this and they decreased the most out of all of races. Now with the change of the  poverty rates, Johnson also tried to help with medical prices. He started insurance programs such as Medicare for seniors and Medicaid for the poor. Document A shows Abraham Ribcoff testifying before the House of Representatives about the prices of medical care. The discovery of more advanced medical sciences and life spans lasting longer, the elders and poor need more help paying these bills and with Medicare and Medicaid help will be provided. Now the Great Society was a huge deal during Lyndon B. Johnson’s presidency. Probably because it had a huge impact on America to this day. Johnson poured millions, even billions of dollars into building a perfect society. While he was putting money into this, he was spending money trying to help with the Vietnam War. Document E is a perfect cartoon of what was happening in the time period. Johnson knew that we could not win the war, but he kept us fighting. Many lives were lost, and more and more money was spilt into it. The idea of his Great Society fed right into the war. So much money was lost into the US economy and it is money that we have not gotten back. People were disappointed with Johnson because he kept us fighting, but he did not under their anger. In document F, an interview of Johnson in 1967, he states, â€Å"How is it possible that all these people could be so ungrateful to me after I had given them so much?†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He has a point where he had done a lot , but this was nothing compared to the pain families had felt over their loved ones. Johnson was not the only political figure during this ear that made a strong impact on civil rights. Several supreme court cases were occurring at this time between the Miranda rights, and when Plessy was overturned by Brown. Along with Baker v. Carr and Engel v. Vitale. All of these impacted women and blacks. Betty Freedan was against the perfect life idea for women. Where they need to be the perfect wife for their husbands and how it was every woman’s dream. Betty had this life and it was not her dream. Blacks wanted full rights, no more segregation between them. With these two together the civil rights movement began. More information on these two groups are found in document C and D. Johnson faced a lot during his presidency, and he made it through all of it. He made a large impact on American’s life. Economically he put us into a severe struggle, but he did help with medical care, and schooling for children. Socially we now have equal rights, and the civil rights movement did work after a while. We all get along in schools and those movements started it all. Politically he was not the best president, but they all have ups and downs. My own opinion, Johnson was an okay president. Life was difficult then, but many of those difficult things made the life we live today a lot better.

WAP essays

WAP essays Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is an application environment and a set of communication protocols that allow the development of applications and services that enable mobile phones and other mobile devices, such as pagers, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) to, manufacturer-, vendor-, and technology -independent access to the Internet or an Intranet. This synergy between the world's two fastest growing technologies - mobile technology and the Internet - is creating and opportunity that no organization can afford to ignore. This opportunity is called the Mobile Internet. Wireless data networks present a more constrained communication environment compared to wired networks. Because of fundamental limitations of power, available spectrum and mobility, wireless data networks tend to have: Less predictable availability Furthermore, as bandwidth increases, the handset's power consumption also increases which further taxes the already limited battery life of a mobile device. Therefore, even as wireless networks improve their ability to deliver higher bandwidth, the power availability at the handset will still limit the effective throughput of data to and from the device. A wireless data solution must be able to overcome these network limitations and still deliver a satisfactory user experience. Handheld wireless devices present a more constrained computing environment compared to desktop computers. Because of fundamental limitations of battery life and form factor, mass-market handheld devices tend to have: Restricted power consumption Different input devices (e.g., a phone keypad, voice input, etc.) Because of these limitations, the user interface of a wireless handset is fundamentally different than that of a desktop computer. The limited screen size and lack of a mouse requires a different user interface metaphor than the traditional desktop GUI. Furthermore, consumers desire handsets with longer...

Nike an Ethical Issue I Essays

Nike an Ethical Issue I Essays Nike an Ethical Issue I Paper Nike an Ethical Issue I Paper Nike an Ethical Issue Nike an Ethical Issue Nike is a company that was created on an agreement and a handshake between two men. That handshake between Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight became the foundation of how Nike does business. Integrity and commitment to the highest ethical standards make up the code of business ethics for Nike. A company like Nike that has a code of ethics and a foundation of how business is conducted should not have any problems with ethical issues as far as the way they do business; however there is an ethical issue in regards to Nike. Ethical Issue Nike has been accused of using child labor in the production of their soccer balls. This ethical issue has taken place in Pakistan. There are laws in Pakistan against child labor and slavery, but the Pakistan government does not take the necessary action to stop it. The United States constitution states that child labor is an illegal and inhumane practice and any United States company found guilty practicing and encouraging it will be prosecuted. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade organization prohibits member nations like the United States, from discriminating against the importation of goods made by children. In essence it seems as if this practice is condoned. One of the reasons the practice of using child labor goes on is the fact that these third world countries are in such dire need and these children are helping in the support of their families. Pakistan has a per-capita income of nineteen thousand dollars per year. This equates that a typical person lives off of five dollars a day. Nike does not launch production directly in Pakistan. It is subcontracted through a local firm, which has to abide by Nike’s international rules and regulations when producing its goods. Nike has the duty to monitor the subcontracted firm. Nike an Ethical Issue Nike also has based its operations in Vietnam, China, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and India. It seems as if Nike thrives to operate in such countries due to the low cost labor to make its products. Twelve- year-old girls work in Indonesia sweatshops seventy hours a week making Nike shoes in unhealthy plants. There have been many other claims about the mistreatment of workers of sweatshops in other countries in which Nike has subcontracted. Ethical Perceptions across Cultures. The ethical perceptions across the cultures in regards to child labor come from the various sources. The culture for countries such as Pakistan, in which the earnings of one person goes to feeding ten people, it is very difficult for a low income population to survive. With the population in Pakistan being at one million and is an important center for the production of goods for export to international markets. In 1994 exports brought three hundred eighty five million dollars to the economy of Pakistan. Those exports came largely from the use of child labor producing goods. Therefore that culture is somewhat dependent upon those children that work illegally. Looking at the situation from a culture such as the United States, we view it differently. The economy as bad as it may seem it is nothing of that of other countries. The United States is rich in comparison and does not condone such practices. The idea that Nike using child labor open debate as to what is ethically right. Some would say that Nike is doing a great deed for Pakistan. The parents willingly send their children off to work in a factory to help support them so the argument along with that would be to buy more products that the children produce. This would increase their demand and they would produce more. This would allow them to earn more. It is believed this would give them a chance to rise above poverty level and the benefits would not only pay off for the families of the children, but for the nation as well. The argument to increasing the demand of the products made by child labor would be that it encourages child labor. That in turns encourages more birth rates, which creates more slavery, and sweatshops. Education among children will continue to decline. More and more children will be bought and sold on the black market and the problem would never end. Risk and consequences associated. There are many risk and consequences involved with Nike conducting business utilizing child labor around the world. This places a negative impact on Nike and it goes against what is written in the code of conduct for Nike. This could also cause a decrease in sales and a loss in revenue due to the American public opposing this type of practice in business. Conclusion Nike is a business that was built on good values and ethics. Those same values and ethics are in question in regards to the labor they use in third world countries. This labor comes in the form of children. Children are sent to work in these factories by their parents so they can help support them. These children receive very low wages and the working conditions are substandard. There are laws and regulations that govern these practices but they are not strongly enforced. These countries are very poor and the income that Nike brings to these countries drastically improves their economy. The United States constitution states that child labor is an illegal and inhumane practice and any United States company found guilty practicing and encouraging it will be prosecuted. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade organization prohibits member Nike, an Ethical Issue nations like the United States, from discriminating against the importation of goods made by children. Nike did not directly have these children working in these conditions. They hire subcontracting firms to make their products. Nike is responsible to monitor the subcontracting firms to ensure all business practices are within the rules and regulations set forth. The ethical perception across the cultures varies among the cultures. The third world countries view this as a means of providing for their families and improving the economy of their countries. Others view this act as unethical and criminal. Nike has taken risk in their production of products in which the use of child labor is used. This risk not only cost them their reputation but it prove to be a huge financial loss as well. References Websites www. American. edu/TED/nike. htm www. nikebiz. com

How do you Pay for Performance in a downward economy Essay

How do you Pay for Performance in a downward economy - Essay Example A stock option plan gives the employee the opportunity to buy the stock of the company they work for at a discounted price. The workers typically obtain instant capital gains when they exercise their stock options. A good attribute of stock options is that the wealth of the company is being shared with the people that create the corporate empire. The pension plans of companies should not include any investment in common stocks of the firm. One of the lessons from the demise of Enron was the necessity for diversification in employee pension plans. The shaky economy is causing a lot of problems for the workforce in America. Massive layoffs, downsizing, and divesture strategies are hurting the economy. The unemployment rate in the United States in September 2011 was 9.1% (Bls, 2011). People have become hesitant of asking for raises when employees don’t automatically give them because they fear being singled out for future downsizing initiatives. "The communication of economic challenges is an opportune time for financially stable companies to tell their employees that they are taking care of them† (Ceridian, 2011). Loyalty from both sides has decreased a lot in the 21st century. Employees are more willing than ever to quit a job in search for a better employment opportunity. An example of a current labor confrontation among a union and an ownership team is the National Basketball League labor dispute. The NBA players are in lockout because the owners want lower the salaries of its employees. The NBA owners instead of offering higher salaries are looking to decrease the total compensation of the players by a minimum of 12.28% (Myfoxboston, 2011). The entertainment sporting industry has been hit hard by the recession. Last year NBA owners lost $300 million. Employees across every industry are seeing their salaries stagnant compared to the traditional

I've attached the file Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

I've attached the file - Essay Example joyed as a result of concentrating activities near a certain facility for instance, a source of raw materials, transport facility, an institution of higher learning and many others. Localization aids in reducing an enterprise’s expenses such as transport cost and damage on raw materials resulting from long distance transportation. Spatial equilibrium assumption is the notion that firms and workers are different across space and the research on urban areas is distinct from that of nations. Basically, urban economists recognize the existence of agglomeration economies which arise when productivity increase with density; however, assessing the enormity of those economies is a real challenge. The assumption of the existence of a baseline spatial equilibrium provides a map to understanding the role of agglomeration on the economy. In essence, the assumption gives a projection of how workers and firms can cooperate to ensure maximum benefits. Additionally, one gets an overview of urban economics which assists in handling the economic issues at hand. Consequently, the assumption assists in identifying the empirical regularities in urban economics, for instance, people are more productive in dense population and that high wage in urban areas are usually counterbalanced by high cost of

How photography has been affected by Adobe Photoshop Research Paper

How photography has been affected by Adobe Photoshop - Research Paper Example This research paper hereby analyzes the impact of Adobe Photoshop on traditional photography techniques and also highlights its possible consequences. The traditional techniques involved in the process of photograph development in a darkroom are much time consuming, slow and tough in comparison to the fastidious and smooth logging in the Adobe Photoshop, but it is also an undeniable fact that when a real image become visible, out of nowhere, on the plain photo paper provides a sense of accomplishment to any photographer. While on other hand it is true that operating in a color darkroom comes with its very own difficulties as compared to operating in the black & white, which usually accompanies much more details, color disturbance and totality darkness but on the other hand, development of a photograph in Adobe Photoshop comprises of working in a comfortable environment while sipping a coffee and avoids the direct exposure of hazardous chemicals. In old technique, the measures to be taken to attain the desired print are decided post creation of a contact sheet and the exposure testing's which is done via test strips whereas, the Photoshop has replaced this Hit & Try technology with its up to date modern digital technology. The processes of Dodging and burning, which are considered as tiresome processes in the darkroom are completed with use of Photoshop in couple of minutes and that too with equivalent results. For black and white photographers, the darkroom is the site of at least half the action. Operating in a color darkroom entails an immense dedication on the part of the photographer, both in expressions of point in time and money. The operations of a color darkroom are quite costly as compared to the black & white darkroom, not merely in the materials involved but as well in the equipment mandatory to fabricate superior output. The most significant feature about processing color in a darkroom is temperature control, the temperature gauge at all times is ought to be under ' of 100', there are many instances of likewise operations that are needed to be out looked carefully while developing photo in a Darkroom regardless of Black & white or Color where as in Photoshop, the photo development is just few clicks away, with its advanced inbuilt tools it can correct, enhance, crop, enlarge and produce an equivalent quality. The new technology provided by the Adobe Photoshop has replaced the concept of different darkrooms for different photos making photographers work easier. These days, digital techniques which in no way needs temperature control, working with chemicals, expensive machines like enlargers, are getting more popular among amateur as well as professional photographers. A Photographers

Recycling and Plastic Bag Essay Example for Free

Recycling and Plastic Bag Essay They are also cheap, light, durable, easy to carry and in many cases, free. The most commonly used shopping bag is made of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). This type is used in the majority of supermarkets and stores. After these bags are used, they often end up in landfills or as litter, roughly only three percent of plastic bags is actually recycled per year (Planet Ark, 2011). The materials used in making plastic bags make them non-biodegradable. According to the science dictionary, 2011 refers to â€Å"these materials cannot be decomposed into environmentally safe waste materials by the action of soil bacteria. † These harmful substances are toxic and take approximately four hundred years to break down, or in this case photo-degrade; which is how plastics made from (HDPE) break down. Since they are not biodegradable, they remain in the environment and are absorbed in soil or water (Indian Centre for Plastics in the Environment, 2010). This essay will discuss the various harmful effects of plastic bags, and demonstrate the risks that these bags impose on humans, animals and the environment. It will also discuss a series of suggested solutions that could help reduce plastic bag usage. Although plastic bags appear to be fragile and light, their negative environmental effect is devastating. Plastic bags may cause large amounts of pollution in every step of their limited life cycle, from the extraction of raw materials, production, transportation, and recycling or disposal. Plastic bags can be defined as the most damaging form of environmental pollution. They can have a damaging effect on marine animals and wildlife in addition to the aesthetic effects on beaches, parks, and trees. Plastic bags are potentially one of the main causes of death to marine animals (Harbor keepers,2008). Up to one hundred thousand marine animals or more die each year from eating plastic bags which are mistaken for food. This can result in blocking the animal’s intestines and possibly lead to the animal’s death. Another possible situation is that wildlife, such as birds, can get tangled in plastic bags causing choking and immobility, which may eventually lead to death. (Senior, 2008) and (Citizen Campaign, 2010). In other situations, after plastic bags photo degrade they remain toxic and could be eaten by fish, shellfish or any other marine life and survive this allows the toxins to enter our food chain through bioaccumulation (Puget Soundkeeper Alliance, 2011). As a solution to these types of problems is taking action by educating and increasing the public’s awareness to the harmful affects that a plastic bag impose on our environment. Applying this would mean to get consumers involved in reducing the number of plastic bags they consume and instead of getting new bags they can simply reuse their old bags (Sea Turtles Conservancy,2011). Another important solution would be using bio degradable bags instead; these types of bags take up a shorter time to degrade and become environmentally safe to both humans and animals. These types of bags are made from natural materials therefore; they are digested if animals swallow them (Biodegradable Plastic Bags,2011). The harmful effects of plastic bags extend to affect human health and social lives. According to the US CPSC (Consumer Product Safety Commission, 2011) suffocation has been a significant of death among children under the age of one. According to a report presented in 2007 by Clean up Australia, when plastic bags are thrown in the streets they may block the drains and result in flooding during heavy rain. Stagnant water in blocked drains may create a breeding ground for many forms of insects like mosquitoes, which can transmit dangerous diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and encephalitis (World Health Organisation, 2011). Reducing, reusing and recycling, in that order, could be the most viable option to decrease the social and health impact of plastic bags. Reducing the number of plastic bags can be applied by imposing a fee such as PlasTax. In 2002 PlasTax was issued in The Republic of Ireland, which is a fee on plastic bags. This new tax resulted in a ninety four percent drop in plastic bag consumption in one year (Convery F, McDonnell S, Ferreira S, 2007). The next step is to reuse, instead of disposing of plastic bags consumers should be encouraged to keep reusing their bags. The final step is to recycle the plastic bags, many supermarkets such as Tesco and Sainsbury’s give the consumers the option to bring in their old bags for recycling. In conclusion, usages of plastic bags are very limited unlike their infinite damages. They are harmful to health, the environment and wildlife. The solutions to put an end to the problems associated with plastic bags are available, cooperation between governments, shops and individuals is vital to take the necessary actions by reducing, reusing and recycling plastic bags.

Slavery In America Essay -- Slavery Essays

Slavery in America Introduction There has been much debate on the topic of slavery in the early times, although most of the countries considered slavery as a criminal activity. Some countries such as Myanmar and Sudan do not abolish it. They even expedite the slavery system. It is no doubt that slavery violent the human rights. However, it was commonly spread in the early times from 17th to 19th century. In this research, I will talk about the origin of the slavery, the reasons for people to becoming slave and the life of the slave. The Definition of slavery In 1926, the Slavery Convention defined slavery as "...the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised..." In the modern society, slave is a person who is controlled by another using violence or other methods. They do not have permission to escape, they will be returned to their master if they tried to do so. In general, the definition of slavery does not have much change between the early and the modern times, the only difference is the status of slaves would inherit from their mother and father and most of the slaves would keep their status from birth to death. The Origin of Slavery in US When we talk abut the Slavery of American, we must first know the reasons why the slave were mainly came from Africa. There are two reasons. The first reason is racialism that the black skin color of Africans becoming target of the European slave traders. Second, it was because slavery had already existed in Africa before it spread to America. Also, black people have strong body which can resist many diseases and endure the heat of the raging sun. In the16th century, Caribbean, Saint Kitts Nevis, and Virgini... ...s feeling. Conclusion I come to conclude slavery is the product of human fs avarice, conceit and selfish. Because of the benefit, we can destroy a person fs life without feeling any guilty. It is really disappointed and disgusted to look back the history of slavery. It let me see the evil part of human being. But I think it is right to do so. It is a good lesson for us, because it tells us that we should learn from the past, in order to prevent it from happening again. It also reminds us everyone should have been treated equally no matter what their race, creed, or color are. Today, freedom and equality are weakening day by day. The African American story is still replaying on every part of the world, not only between black and white people, but people of many different nationalities. Stories will never end, until equality is created in the heart of each person.

Communication Style Case Study Essay

â€Å"Communication is an ongoing, complex ever-changing process between two or more individuals to convey a message† (Hansten & Jackson, 2009). Effective communication in the healthcare field is an essential piece to delivering competent client care. Effective communication is not only needed to relay the importance of instructions and tasks to our peers in the treatment team, but to provide respect to our coworkers and create a positive working environment. Communication styles are important and can contribute or hinder the process of maintaining effective communication in the workplace. This paper aims to analyze the communication styles in four different communication scenarios. Scenario One There are two communication style used in scenario one. The Registered Nurse (RN) engaged in aggressive communication whereas the assistive personnel (AP) engaged in passive communication. Aggressive behavior and communication is hostile in intent and is usually communicated through talking at people and not with people. The aggressive communication was used when the RN belittled the AP with an upraised tone, and inappropriate comments such as,† you are only the aide†, and â€Å"we don’t expect you to think, just to do what we tell you to do.† (Hansten & Jackson, 2009). According to Hansten & Jackson (2009), this communication style successfully suppresses ideas and feedback from others and creates a tension filled relationship (p. 281). This communication style inflicts a tone of supremacy, statements which direct blame, and labeling. These negative communications often times can cause the other person to feel humiliated, angry and hurt. The AP was experien cing feelings of anger and resentment and these feelings elicited a response of revenge in this scenario. The AP in this scenario has shown a passive style of communication because he feels it is necessary to keep his job. Passive behavior is often not idyllic due to it being an act of avoidance to the situation that is presented, which the AP showed by quietly sitting and not voicing his  concerns. People who exhibit passive behavior often have feelings of hurt, embarrassment, fright, coyness, and apprehension. Because of the communication of the RN being aggressive it has evoked a passive behavior and communication style on the part of the AP. The passive communicator allows the anger and resentment to build up which ultimately leads to the passive communicator to expose these feelings through outlets of subtle sabotage, manipulation and punishment. This is exactly what the AP in the scenario exhibited when he thought to begin a plan on how he’d make the RN pay for her comments. This is an example of a cycle of authoritarianism and indirect aggression which results in poor work relationships, the compromise of client care in order to revenge communications and breakdowns in communication between the treatment team. Scenario Two The school nurse in this scenario has chosen a passive non-assertive communication style. This is evident through the nurse choosing to avoid the immediate conflict of confronting the volunteer and choosing to take the work load upon her-self. The problem is not going to be faced which will ultimately lead up to the problems multiplying for the nurse because she physically cannot redo every test performed forever, she will become bitter and angry. â€Å"A passive response is based on the fear of rejection and retaliation caused by displeasing others. Conflict is avoided at the price of denying one’s own feelings and needs† (Hansten & Jackson, 2009). This passive and avoidant behavior can lead to nursing fatigue and burnout. This can also lead to her volunteers feeling confused and angry, thinking the nurse doesn’t value or trust their work. This communication style although not outwardly hostile or aggressive due to avoidance of conflict, can cause feeling of hostility which may lead to manipulative behaviors. The school nurse in this scenario has not corrected the problem by educating her volunteers so the incorrect results will keep being brought to her and she will end up becoming bitter and angry with her volunteers leading to a breakdown in communication and possibly a hostile work environment. Scenario Three This scenario also involved two different communication styles. The manager was using assertive communication and the surgical tech was using aggressive  communication. The manager in this this scenario clearly addressed the problem by expressing what she observed, thought, felt and wanted from the situation. She addressed the problem by approaching the surgical tech and stated her wants without belittling the tech. She was very clear even using the surgical techs job description. This communication style promotes a trusting relationship with other coworkers because they know you will address the problem with them and not talk about the situation inappropriately with other staff member. This communication is essential in healthcare because it is a vital core to effective delegation. This communication does not compromise client care because it addresses problems and sets clear expectations to fix the problem which leads to changes. The surgical tech in this scenario used aggressive communication. This was evident by her statement that she’d â€Å"get Rosa’s head on a platter.†(Hansten & Jackson, 2009). The goal of her claim was to dominate and hurt her manager which is a characteristic of aggressive communication. Threatening your coworkers and superiors shows a lack of respect for the workplace and other. This can compromise the working environment which can lead to a breakdown in patient care.

Fi515

Final Exam Page 1 1. (TCO A) Which of the following does NOT always increase a company's market value? (Points : 5) Increasing the expected growth rate of sales Increasing the expected operating profitability (NOPAT/Sales) Decreasing the capital requirements (Capital/Sales) Decreasing the weighted average cost of capital Increasing the expected rate of return on invested capital| 2. (TCO F) Which of the following statements is correct? (Points : 5) For a project with normal cash flows, any change in the WACC will change both the NPV and the IRR.To find the MIRR, we first compound cash flows at the regular IRR to find the TV, and then we discount the TV at the WACC to find the PV. The NPV and IRR methods both assume that cash flows can be reinvested at the WACC. However, the MIRR method assumes reinvestment at the MIRR itself. If two projects have the same cost, and if their NPV profiles cross in the upper right quadrant, then the project with the higher IRR probably has more of its c ash flows coming in the later years.If two projects have the same cost, and if their NPV profiles cross in the upper right quadrant, then the project with the lower IRR probably has more of its cash flows coming in the later years. | 3. (TCO D) The Ramirez Company's last dividend was $1. 75. Its dividend growth rate is expected to be constant at 25% for 2 years, after which dividends are expected to grow at a rate of 6% forever. Its required return (rs) is 12%. What is the best estimate of the current stock price? a. $41. 58 b. $42. 64 c. $43. 71 d. $44. 80 e. $45. 92(Points : 20) | 4. TCO G) The ABC Corporation's budgeted monthly sales are $4,000. In the first month, 40% of its customers pay and take the 3% discount. The remaining 60% pay in the month following the sale and don't receive a discount. ABC's bad debts are very small and are excluded from this analysis. Purchases for next month's sales are constant each month at $2,000. Other payments for wages, rent, and taxes are con stant at $500 per month. Construct a single month's cash budget with the information given. What is the average cash gain or (loss) during a typical month for the ABC Corporation? (Points : 20) | 5. TCO G) Clayton Industries is planning its operations for next year, and Ronnie Clayton, the CEO, wants you to forecast the firm's additional funds needed (AFN). The firm is operating at full capacity. Data for use in your forecast are shown below. Based on the AFN equation, what is the AFN for the coming year? Dollars are in millions. Last year's sales = S0| $350| | Last year's accounts payable| $40| Sales growth rate = g| 30%| | Last year's notes payable| $50| Last year's total assets = A0*| $500| | Last year's accruals| $30| Last year's profit margin = PM| 5%| | Target payout ratio| 60%| a. $102. b. $108. 2 c. $113. 9 d. $119. 9 e. $125. 9 (Points : 30) | | Final Exam Page 2 1. (TCO H) Desai Inc. has the following data, in thousands. Assuming a 365-day year, what is the firm's cash con version cycle? Annual sales = Annual cost of goods sold = Inventory = Accounts receivable = Accounts payable =| $45,000 $30,000 $4,500 $1,800 $2,500| a. 28 days b. 32 days c. 35 days d. 39 days e. 43 days (Points : 30) | 2. (TCO C) A firm buys on terms of 2/8, net 45 days, it does not take discounts, and it actually pays after 58 days. What is the effective annual percentage cost of its nonfree trade credit? Use a 365-day year. ) a. 14. 34% b. 15. 10% c. 15. 89% d. 16. 69% e. 17. 52%(Points : 30) | 3. (TCO E) Daves Inc. recently hired you as a consultant to estimate the company's WACC. You have obtained the following information. (1) The firm's noncallable bonds mature in 20 years, have an 8. 00% annual coupon, a par value of $1,000, and a market price of $1,050. 00. (2) The company's tax rate is 40%. (3) The risk-free rate is 4. 50%, the market risk premium is 5. 50%, and the stock's beta is 1. 20. (4) The target capital structure consists of 35% debt and the balance is common equi ty.The firm uses the CAPM to estimate the cost of common stock, and it does not expect to issue any new shares. What is its WACC? a. 7. 16% b. 7. 54% c. 7. 93% d. 8. 35% e. 8. 79%(Points : 30) | 4. (TCO B) Leak Inc. forecasts the free cash flows (in millions) shown below. If the weighted average cost of capital is 11% and FCF is expected to grow at a rate of 5% after Year 2, what is the Year 0 value of operations, in millions? Assume that the ROIC is expected to remain constant in Year 2 and beyond (and do not make any half-year adjustments). Year: 1 2 Free cash flow: -$50 $100 a. $1,456 b. 1,529 c. $1,606 d. $1,686 e. $1,770(Points : 35) | 5. (TCO G) Based on the corporate valuation model, Hunsader's value of operations is $300 million. The balance sheet shows $20 million of short-term investments that are unrelated to operations, $50 million of accounts payable, $90 million of notes payable, $30 million of long-term debt, $40 million of preferred stock, and $100 million of common equity. The company has 10 million shares of stock outstanding. What is the best estimate of the stock's price per share? a. $13. 72 b. $14. 44 c. $15. 20 d. $16. 00 e. $16. 80(Points : 35) | |